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Model
MIKE21
APEX
EFDC
FVCOM
SUSTAIN
GSSHA
GBNP
MIKE SHE
HSPF
AGNPS-VSA
LSPC
GBR Dynamic Sednet
GWLF
SWMM
DLEM
CBP-WSM
MIKE HYDRO River
MapShed
INCA
WASP8
SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D
MIKE11
SWAT
GPUOM-WQ
TETIS - N
SEAWAT-MODFLOW
DYRESM�CAEDYM
WEPP-WQ
MIKE 21 FM
SWAT+
RGWLF
SSHBS
ELEMeNT-N
AVGWLF
L-THIA
PCSWMM
AnnAGNPS
SWAT - MODFLOW
CE-QUAL-W2
DHSVM
WARMF
AGNPS
Delft3D
Mike Basin
PCLake
Delft3D FM
QUAL2Kw
QUAL2K
NDP
WEP-N
InfoWorks ICM
GLM
SimplyP
InVEST
PDP
THMB
EcoHAT
WAM
Water Body Type
Watershed
Water body
Location
Other
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
The Great Barrier Reef
Florida
Watershed Size
Medium
Small
Large
Predominant Land Use
Forest
Agricultural
Urban
Water Body Characteristics
Streams
Rivers
Coastal
Estuarine
Oceans
Reservoirs
Lakes
Water Body Size
Medium
Small
Large
Dimensions
2D
3D
1D
Simulation Type
Continuous model
Event-based model
Parameters
DO
Sediment Transport
Algae
Flow Velocity
Nitrogen
Q
Water Levels
Waves
TP
TDS
TN
Salinity
Reservoir Operations
TSS
Chla
Temperature
Phosphorus
Time Step
Sub-daily
Minutes
Annual
Daily
Monthly
Hours
Seconds
Model Complexity
Medium
Simple
Complex
Simulation Objectives
modeling of complex domains
Assess natural and human impacts on water quality
Identify Priority Management Areas
Erosion analysis
assess sediment and nutrient transport
Assess nutrient and carbon fluxes
flood and drought management
Ecosystem Assessments
Climate Change Studies
Water resource management
Watershed management
Wave-Current Interaction
simulate watersheds with variable source areas
Assessing agricultural phosphorus loss
Model nitrogen dynamics
Evaluate groundwater nutrient dynamics
evaluate water quality improvement
evaluate combined and sanitary sewer overflows
assess the effects of land use change
TMDL development
Understand hydrology in snow regions
Assess hydrology-biogeochemistry in streams
BMP locations
Large-scale hydrologic modeling
Reservoir management
hydropower optimization
flood control
Urban stormwater management
Evaluate nitrogen loads in cold regions
Evaluate Water body Hydrodynamics
evaluate green infrastructure implementation
Support navigation
Managing nutrient fluxes in polders
Storm Surge analysis
BMP Evaluations
Holistic Simulation
NPS nutrient loads evaluation
Manage eutrophication and algal blooms
Screening Simulation
Extreme events evaluation
Assessment of Storm events
Data Requirements
DO
Porosity
Precipitation
Water quality
Relative humidity
Flow
Sediment characteristics
DEM
River reach characteristics
Hydraulic conductivity
Sewer networks
Bathymetric data
N surplus
Soil
ET
Wind
Specific storage
Stream network
Algae
Wind Speed
Wind speed
Solar radiation
LULC
Specific yield
Hydraulic data
Temperature
Geomorphic parameters
Model Availability
Open source
Closed source
Model Limitations
Does not simulate large watersheds
Limited for hydrological impacts of climate change
Coarse spatial resolution
Simplified hydrological processes
Topography data may require preprocessing
Inaccurate long-term projections
Limited applications in urban watersheds
Limitations in model robustness and flexibility
Not suitable for shallow systems
Dependent on input data
Not user friendly
Simplified biogeochemical processes
Poor simulation of extreme events
Can not be coupled with optimization algorithm
Limited to main stream simulation
Requires high computational resources
Limited hydrodynamics
Does not simulate N
Limited applications in subtropical regions
Extensive datasets
Simplified floodplain dynamics
Limited to small stream networks
Model Expertise
Temporally lumped
Limitations in storm sewer pipes simulation and calibration
Does not incorporate Zooplankton
Limited applications in the USA
Manual calibration
Limited developer and community support
Model expertise
Limited to cold regions
Dependent on Input Data
Assumes horizontal homogeneity
Limited land cover dynamics
Limited to urban watersheds
Requires numerous parameters and complex calibration
Does not simulate P
Limited to polder systems
Does not model BMP properties
Simplified vertical stratification
Simplified hydraulic processes
Does not consider specific algae species
GUI is not open source
High uncertainty
Accuracy decreases with higher trophic levels
Point source loads have constant rates
Poor sediment simulation
Poor groundwater simulation
Sensitive to specific input parameters
Model Library
Model library serves as a comprehensive reference guide for various watershed and waterbody simulation models. It provides detailed descriptions of each model’s type, developers, capabilities, limitations, computational requirements, and data inputs and outputs. The aim is to assist researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in selecting the most suitable modeling tools for their specific application. Each model entry includes links to download resources if it is open-source, relevant references, and examples of practical applications to further support users in making informed decisions. For more details see Model Library .
Model
Watershed Size
Predominant Land Use
Simulation Objectives