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Model
WARMF
GLM
MapShed
MIKE 21 FM
SWAT+
AGNPS-VSA
WASP8
QUAL2Kw
CBP-WSM
Delft3D FM
TETIS - N
AGNPS
WEP-N
MIKE21
AnnAGNPS
SimplyP
SWAT - MODFLOW
GBNP
ELEMeNT-N
GPUOM-WQ
THMB
InVEST
PDP
CE-QUAL-W2
MIKE11
LSPC
SEAWAT-MODFLOW
AVGWLF
FVCOM
SWMM
MIKE HYDRO River
Delft3D
PCLake
APEX
DLEM
SUSTAIN
SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D
GWLF
PCSWMM
DHSVM
QUAL2K
WEPP-WQ
Mike Basin
InfoWorks ICM
MIKE SHE
GBR Dynamic Sednet
INCA
RGWLF
GSSHA
EcoHAT
L-THIA
WAM
SSHBS
SWAT
NDP
EFDC
HSPF
DYRESM�CAEDYM
Water Body Type
Water body
Watershed
Location
Other
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
The Great Barrier Reef
Florida
Watershed Size
Medium
Large
Small
Predominant Land Use
Agricultural
Forest
Urban
Water Body Characteristics
Oceans
Estuarine
Reservoirs
Rivers
Streams
Coastal
Lakes
Water Body Size
Medium
Large
Small
Dimensions
2D
1D
3D
Simulation Type
Continuous model
Event-based model
Parameters
Algae
Nitrogen
Chla
TDS
TN
TP
Waves
Flow Velocity
Reservoir Operations
DO
Water Levels
Salinity
Sediment Transport
TSS
Phosphorus
Temperature
Q
Time Step
Seconds
Sub-daily
Daily
Hours
Annual
Minutes
Monthly
Model Complexity
Simple
Medium
Complex
Simulation Objectives
modeling of complex domains
Assess hydrology-biogeochemistry in streams
Ecosystem Assessments
Evaluate groundwater nutrient dynamics
BMP Evaluations
Assess natural and human impacts on water quality
Screening Simulation
Manage eutrophication and algal blooms
Evaluate nitrogen loads in cold regions
Extreme events evaluation
Erosion analysis
evaluate green infrastructure implementation
Water resource management
evaluate water quality improvement
Understand hydrology in snow regions
hydropower optimization
Support navigation
Assessment of Storm events
flood and drought management
assess sediment and nutrient transport
Reservoir management
Assess nutrient and carbon fluxes
flood control
Climate Change Studies
assess the effects of land use change
simulate watersheds with variable source areas
Assessing agricultural phosphorus loss
NPS nutrient loads evaluation
Large-scale hydrologic modeling
evaluate combined and sanitary sewer overflows
Managing nutrient fluxes in polders
Model nitrogen dynamics
Urban stormwater management
Watershed management
Wave-Current Interaction
TMDL development
Identify Priority Management Areas
Storm Surge analysis
Holistic Simulation
Evaluate Water body Hydrodynamics
BMP locations
Data Requirements
Specific storage
Specific yield
River reach characteristics
Temperature
Relative humidity
LULC
N surplus
Sewer networks
Sediment characteristics
DO
ET
Soil
Porosity
Water quality
Algae
Stream network
DEM
Precipitation
Wind Speed
Solar radiation
Wind speed
Flow
Hydraulic data
Wind
Geomorphic parameters
Bathymetric data
Hydraulic conductivity
Model Availability
Closed source
Open source
Model Limitations
Assumes horizontal homogeneity
Accuracy decreases with higher trophic levels
Limited applications in urban watersheds
Simplified floodplain dynamics
Requires high computational resources
Can not be coupled with optimization algorithm
Model Expertise
Poor simulation of extreme events
Poor groundwater simulation
Sensitive to specific input parameters
Limited hydrodynamics
Limited to main stream simulation
Topography data may require preprocessing
Simplified hydraulic processes
Dependent on input data
Dependent on Input Data
Not suitable for shallow systems
Limited applications in subtropical regions
Simplified hydrological processes
Limited for hydrological impacts of climate change
Does not consider specific algae species
Simplified biogeochemical processes
Limited to urban watersheds
Model expertise
Limited developer and community support
Extensive datasets
Poor sediment simulation
Limited land cover dynamics
Does not incorporate Zooplankton
Limited applications in the USA
Limited to cold regions
Not user friendly
Coarse spatial resolution
Limitations in storm sewer pipes simulation and calibration
Limited to small stream networks
Does not simulate P
Temporally lumped
Does not simulate N
Point source loads have constant rates
Limited to polder systems
Limitations in model robustness and flexibility
High uncertainty
GUI is not open source
Inaccurate long-term projections
Manual calibration
Does not simulate large watersheds
Does not model BMP properties
Simplified vertical stratification
Requires numerous parameters and complex calibration
Model Library
Model library serves as a comprehensive reference guide for various watershed and waterbody simulation models. It provides detailed descriptions of each model’s type, developers, capabilities, limitations, computational requirements, and data inputs and outputs. The aim is to assist researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in selecting the most suitable modeling tools for their specific application. Each model entry includes links to download resources if it is open-source, relevant references, and examples of practical applications to further support users in making informed decisions. For more details see Model Library .
Model
Watershed Size
Predominant Land Use
Simulation Objectives