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Model
SWAT - MODFLOW
HSPF
GSSHA
FVCOM
DYRESM�CAEDYM
L-THIA
AVGWLF
GWLF
QUAL2K
MIKE HYDRO River
QUAL2Kw
CE-QUAL-W2
PCSWMM
SimplyP
AGNPS-VSA
InfoWorks ICM
GBR Dynamic Sednet
SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D
SUSTAIN
ELEMeNT-N
SWAT
MIKE 21 FM
DHSVM
MIKE SHE
EFDC
TETIS - N
THMB
PDP
GBNP
MIKE11
MIKE21
PCLake
WARMF
Mike Basin
DLEM
GLM
WEPP-WQ
InVEST
SEAWAT-MODFLOW
APEX
CBP-WSM
WEP-N
NDP
SSHBS
SWAT+
GPUOM-WQ
MapShed
AnnAGNPS
WASP8
SWMM
Delft3D
AGNPS
Delft3D FM
INCA
EcoHAT
WAM
RGWLF
LSPC
Water Body Type
Watershed
Water body
Location
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Florida
The Great Barrier Reef
Other
Watershed Size
Medium
Small
Large
Predominant Land Use
Urban
Agricultural
Forest
Water Body Characteristics
Lakes
Oceans
Rivers
Estuarine
Coastal
Reservoirs
Streams
Water Body Size
Medium
Small
Large
Dimensions
3D
1D
2D
Simulation Type
Continuous model
Event-based model
Parameters
DO
Q
Salinity
Reservoir Operations
TP
TSS
Flow Velocity
Waves
Algae
Nitrogen
TDS
Water Levels
TN
Temperature
Sediment Transport
Phosphorus
Chla
Time Step
Annual
Seconds
Sub-daily
Hours
Monthly
Daily
Minutes
Model Complexity
Complex
Medium
Simple
Simulation Objectives
NPS nutrient loads evaluation
Evaluate nitrogen loads in cold regions
Ecosystem Assessments
assess sediment and nutrient transport
Wave-Current Interaction
Assess nutrient and carbon fluxes
Assess hydrology-biogeochemistry in streams
BMP Evaluations
Evaluate Water body Hydrodynamics
hydropower optimization
flood and drought management
flood control
modeling of complex domains
Urban stormwater management
TMDL development
Erosion analysis
Reservoir management
Assess natural and human impacts on water quality
Watershed management
simulate watersheds with variable source areas
Evaluate groundwater nutrient dynamics
Screening Simulation
Holistic Simulation
Water resource management
Extreme events evaluation
assess the effects of land use change
Climate Change Studies
evaluate combined and sanitary sewer overflows
Assessment of Storm events
Large-scale hydrologic modeling
Understand hydrology in snow regions
Model nitrogen dynamics
BMP locations
Assessing agricultural phosphorus loss
Identify Priority Management Areas
Support navigation
evaluate green infrastructure implementation
Managing nutrient fluxes in polders
evaluate water quality improvement
Manage eutrophication and algal blooms
Storm Surge analysis
Data Requirements
DO
Hydraulic conductivity
Wind
Flow
ET
Water quality
Relative humidity
Specific storage
Geomorphic parameters
DEM
Soil
Wind speed
Specific yield
LULC
Porosity
Solar radiation
Sediment characteristics
Algae
Sewer networks
Stream network
Precipitation
River reach characteristics
N surplus
Hydraulic data
Temperature
Wind Speed
Bathymetric data
Model Availability
Open source
Closed source
Model Limitations
Sensitive to specific input parameters
Does not model BMP properties
Extensive datasets
Dependent on input data
Does not consider specific algae species
Dependent on Input Data
Poor simulation of extreme events
Coarse spatial resolution
Limited to urban watersheds
Limited applications in subtropical regions
Limited to small stream networks
GUI is not open source
Point source loads have constant rates
Limited for hydrological impacts of climate change
Limited developer and community support
Simplified hydraulic processes
Limitations in model robustness and flexibility
Can not be coupled with optimization algorithm
Not user friendly
Simplified floodplain dynamics
Manual calibration
Limited applications in urban watersheds
Model expertise
Requires high computational resources
Limited hydrodynamics
Does not simulate P
Limitations in storm sewer pipes simulation and calibration
Simplified biogeochemical processes
Simplified hydrological processes
Poor groundwater simulation
Not suitable for shallow systems
Accuracy decreases with higher trophic levels
High uncertainty
Does not simulate large watersheds
Limited to cold regions
Inaccurate long-term projections
Topography data may require preprocessing
Temporally lumped
Poor sediment simulation
Model Expertise
Limited to main stream simulation
Does not incorporate Zooplankton
Requires numerous parameters and complex calibration
Limited to polder systems
Limited applications in the USA
Assumes horizontal homogeneity
Does not simulate N
Simplified vertical stratification
Limited land cover dynamics
Model Library
Model library serves as a comprehensive reference guide for various watershed and waterbody simulation models. It provides detailed descriptions of each model’s type, developers, capabilities, limitations, computational requirements, and data inputs and outputs. The aim is to assist researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in selecting the most suitable modeling tools for their specific application. Each model entry includes links to download resources if it is open-source, relevant references, and examples of practical applications to further support users in making informed decisions. For more details see Model Library .
Model
Watershed Size
Predominant Land Use
Simulation Objectives