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Model
SWAT - MODFLOW
GLM
SWAT+
AGNPS
PCLake
SimplyP
GPUOM-WQ
SUSTAIN
InVEST
Delft3D FM
GSSHA
Delft3D
FVCOM
MapShed
SEAWAT-MODFLOW
MIKE 21 FM
Mike Basin
CE-QUAL-W2
SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D
DHSVM
WEPP-WQ
GWLF
EcoHAT
SWAT
MIKE HYDRO River
ELEMeNT-N
AVGWLF
MIKE11
WASP8
QUAL2Kw
APEX
AGNPS-VSA
SWMM
L-THIA
PCSWMM
INCA
GBR Dynamic Sednet
MIKE SHE
NDP
WEP-N
EFDC
MIKE21
HSPF
GBNP
RGWLF
CBP-WSM
AnnAGNPS
SSHBS
QUAL2K
WAM
InfoWorks ICM
DYRESM�CAEDYM
WARMF
PDP
DLEM
TETIS - N
LSPC
THMB
Water Body Type
Water body
Watershed
Location
Florida
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
The Great Barrier Reef
Other
Watershed Size
Large
Medium
Small
Predominant Land Use
Forest
Agricultural
Urban
Water Body Characteristics
Rivers
Streams
Estuarine
Reservoirs
Oceans
Lakes
Coastal
Water Body Size
Large
Medium
Small
Dimensions
3D
2D
1D
Simulation Type
Continuous model
Event-based model
Parameters
TDS
TN
Algae
Chla
TP
Flow Velocity
Q
Water Levels
Temperature
TSS
DO
Waves
Reservoir Operations
Salinity
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Sediment Transport
Time Step
Annual
Monthly
Seconds
Minutes
Daily
Hours
Sub-daily
Model Complexity
Medium
Simple
Complex
Simulation Objectives
NPS nutrient loads evaluation
BMP Evaluations
Urban stormwater management
Storm Surge analysis
assess the effects of land use change
Extreme events evaluation
evaluate green infrastructure implementation
Water resource management
Climate Change Studies
Understand hydrology in snow regions
Assessment of Storm events
Assess nutrient and carbon fluxes
Managing nutrient fluxes in polders
Model nitrogen dynamics
Large-scale hydrologic modeling
TMDL development
evaluate water quality improvement
hydropower optimization
Assessing agricultural phosphorus loss
evaluate combined and sanitary sewer overflows
Reservoir management
Evaluate Water body Hydrodynamics
Ecosystem Assessments
Watershed management
Evaluate nitrogen loads in cold regions
flood control
assess sediment and nutrient transport
modeling of complex domains
Assess natural and human impacts on water quality
Support navigation
flood and drought management
BMP locations
Manage eutrophication and algal blooms
Identify Priority Management Areas
Erosion analysis
Screening Simulation
Assess hydrology-biogeochemistry in streams
Evaluate groundwater nutrient dynamics
Holistic Simulation
simulate watersheds with variable source areas
Wave-Current Interaction
Data Requirements
N surplus
Bathymetric data
Relative humidity
Specific storage
Geomorphic parameters
Wind
Specific yield
Porosity
Hydraulic data
Sediment characteristics
Soil
Flow
Water quality
LULC
Wind Speed
River reach characteristics
Solar radiation
Algae
Hydraulic conductivity
Wind speed
Temperature
DEM
Sewer networks
Precipitation
DO
ET
Stream network
Model Availability
Open source
Closed source
Model Limitations
Extensive datasets
Requires high computational resources
Limited hydrodynamics
Dependent on Input Data
Limited applications in subtropical regions
Limited to urban watersheds
Limitations in storm sewer pipes simulation and calibration
Coarse spatial resolution
Limited developer and community support
Not user friendly
Limited to polder systems
Does not simulate large watersheds
Poor simulation of extreme events
Simplified hydrological processes
Poor sediment simulation
Limited applications in the USA
Simplified vertical stratification
Accuracy decreases with higher trophic levels
Limited for hydrological impacts of climate change
Limited applications in urban watersheds
Limited to small stream networks
Simplified biogeochemical processes
Sensitive to specific input parameters
Model expertise
Inaccurate long-term projections
Limited to cold regions
GUI is not open source
Limited to main stream simulation
Dependent on input data
Does not incorporate Zooplankton
Not suitable for shallow systems
Does not simulate P
Topography data may require preprocessing
High uncertainty
Does not consider specific algae species
Temporally lumped
Assumes horizontal homogeneity
Does not model BMP properties
Can not be coupled with optimization algorithm
Does not simulate N
Model Expertise
Simplified floodplain dynamics
Simplified hydraulic processes
Manual calibration
Limitations in model robustness and flexibility
Requires numerous parameters and complex calibration
Poor groundwater simulation
Point source loads have constant rates
Limited land cover dynamics
Model Library
Model library serves as a comprehensive reference guide for various watershed and waterbody simulation models. It provides detailed descriptions of each model’s type, developers, capabilities, limitations, computational requirements, and data inputs and outputs. The aim is to assist researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in selecting the most suitable modeling tools for their specific application. Each model entry includes links to download resources if it is open-source, relevant references, and examples of practical applications to further support users in making informed decisions. For more details see Model Library .
Model
Watershed Size
Predominant Land Use
Simulation Objectives